Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol

The Buddhist monastic complex of Takht-i-Bahi (Throne of Origins) was founded in the early 1st century. Owing to its location on the crest of a high hill, it escaped successive invasions and is still exceptionally well preserved. Nearby are the ruins of Sahr-i-Bahlol, a small fortified city dating from the same period.

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The "Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol" are remains of a famous Buddhist monastery and a fortified city. It consists of numerous chapels and stupas sticking to the high, rocky spurs. They date from the 1st century CE. The complex is regarded by archaeologists as being particularly representative of the architecture of Buddhist monastic centers from its era. 

Takht means "throne" and bahi, "water" or "spring" in Persian/Urdu. The monastic complex was called Takht-i-Bahi because it was built atop a hill and also adjacent to a stream.

Takht-I-Bahi was unearthed in the early 20th century. Much of the friezes and statuary were removed between 1907 and 1913. 

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Rohtas Fort

Following his defeat of the Mughal emperor Humayun in 1541, Sher Shah Suri built a strong fortified complex at Rohtas, a strategic site in the north of what is now Pakistan. It was never taken by storm and has survived intact to the present day. The main fortifications consist of the massive walls, which extend for more than 4 km; they are lined with bastions and pierced by monumental gateways. Rohtas Fort, also called Qila Rohtas, is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in Central and South Asia.

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Rohtas Fort is an example of early Muslim militairy architecture. It blends architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian sub-continent to create the model for Mughal architecture. It was built in 1541 and survives intact til today.

The Fort is a complex of defensive works, including walls, bastions, gates, a small mosque and a haveli (private mansion). A village has developed within the walled compound. 

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Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro

The ruins of the huge city of Moenjodaro – built entirely of unbaked brick in the 3rd millennium B.C. – lie in the Indus valley. The acropolis, set on high embankments, the ramparts, and the lower town, which is laid out according to strict rules, provide evidence of an early system of town planning.

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The Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro (or Mohenjo-daro) are the remains of one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Moenjodaro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. The site was divided into two sections: the acropolis with the major structures, and the lower town with private houses and commercial buildings.

The ruins are located in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Mohenjo-daro is the modern name for the site, meaning 'Mound of the Dead'.

The city was built around 2600 BC, and was abandoned around 1700 BC. It was rediscovered in 1922. Currently, the site is threatened by salinity in the ground water and improper restoration.

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Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore

These are two masterpieces from the time of the brilliant Mughal civilization, which reached its height during the reign of the Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort contains marble palaces and mosques decorated with mosaics and gilt. The elegance of these splendid gardens, built near the city of Lahore on three terraces with lodges, waterfalls and large ornamental ponds, is unequalled.

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The Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore are masterpieces from the time of the Mughal civilization. 

Lahore Fort is a trapezoidal composition spread over 20 hectares. Origins of the fort go as far back as antiquity, however, the existing base structure was built during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar (1556-1605), and was regularly upgraded by subsequent rulers. Among the 21 monumentals sites inside the fort are: 

- Sheesh Mahal, a white marble pavillion (Palace of Mirrors)

- Alamgiri Gate, the monumental gateway to the fort (on the postcard)

- Naulakha pavilion, a white marble personal chamber with curvilinear roof

- Moti Masjid, small mosque made of white marble

The Shalamar Gardens were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Construction of the Persian-style garden began in 1641 A.D. and was completed the following year. The Gardens have been laid out from south to north in three descending terraces. To irrigate the Gardens, a canal named Shah Nahar (Royal canal) was constructed. It also feeds the 410 fountains.

The site was added to the Danger-list because the outer walls and hydraulic works of Shalamar Gardens are in urgent need of repair. 

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Taxila

From the ancient Neolithic tumulus of Saraikala to the ramparts of Sirkap (2nd century B.C.) and the city of Sirsukh (1st century A.D.), Taxila illustrates the different stages in the development of a city on the Indus that was alternately influenced by Persia, Greece and Central Asia and which, from the 5th century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D., was an important Buddhist centre of learning.

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Taxila is an archaeological site containing the ruins of the Gandhâran city of Takshashila, an important Vedic/Hindu and Buddhist centre of learning from the 6th century BCE to the 5th century CE.

Historically, Taxila lay at the crossroads of three major trade routes: the royal highway from Pâṭaliputra; the north-western route through Bactria, Kâpiúa, and Puṣkalâvatî (Peshawar); and the route from Kashmir and Central Asia, via Úrinigar, Mânsehrâ, and the Haripur valley across the Khunjerab pass to the Silk Road. 

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